What Do You Think About Graphene? The New Super Material

Graphene is a material fashioned from carbon in a honeycomb composition with one-atom thickness. It offers distinctive optical, thermal, electronic and mechanical properties. It is also a novel class of two-dimensional carbon nanostructure and has fascinated marvelous concentration from both the experimental and theoretical scientific communities in current years. This sole nanostructure embraces great promise for potential applications in several technological fields such as nanoelectronics, sensors, nanocomposites, batteries, supercapacitors and hydrogen storage. The material can be manufactured into sheets, flakes and graphene oxide to provide a variety of applications to the different fields according to necessity.

Functionalization of Graphene is important for technological applications since it consents to integrating into different environments such as biological fluids, polymer matrices, silicon surface and others. The chemistry of graphene and its derivatives is one of the hottest topics of current material science research. Hydrogenated graphene (graphene-OH) and carboxyl graphene (graphene-COOH) are the two new derivatives of graphene.

Carboxylic acid functionalized graphene (graphene-COOH) is prepared by chemical modification of respective groups on the graphene surface. It has high electrically conductive, thermal conductive and mechanically stability. It can be exfoliates into graphene sheets and dispersed much easier. Carboxylic acid functional groups Graphene oxide played a vital role in carbo-catalyst activity, greatly influencing both the reactivity and selectivity. COOH Functionalized Graphene is useful as nanoscale additives for advanced composites, as a component in advanced batteries and ultra/super capacitors, as the conductive component in specialty coatings or adhesives, and as a component of e-inks or printable electronic circuits. The introduction of COOH groups is useful when working with paints, polymers, epoxies and inks.

Hydroxy-functionalized graphene (graphene-OH) is used in additives in polymers, catalysts, lithium-battery anodes, nanotube composites (by filling or coating) and drug delivery. Graphene-OH is well suitable to be regarded as as promising electrode material for energy storage devices.
Graphene’s exclusive incorporation of better-quality properties makes it a credible starting point for new disruptive technologies in a wide range of fields. To know more about Buy Graphene please visit the website. Click here for more about Top 10 Nanotechnology Company

Naturally Occurring Nanoparticles - The Hidden Dimension

Nanoparticles have fascinated great consideration owing to the increasing manufacturing and manipulation on materials by humankind. Therefore, the term "nanoparticles" usually applies only to engineered particles but not particles under 100 nm that occur naturally or are by-products of other processes such as welding fumes, fire smoke or carbon black. The term metal nanoparticle is used to described nanosized metals with dimensions (length, width or thickness) within the size range 1‐100 nm.

Platonic Nanotech Pvt. Ltd manufacture and put on the market different type of nanoparticles such as gold, silver, copper, nickel, iron, aluminum, zinc, tin, titanium oxide, cadmium oxide and gadolinium oxide, and make them accessible at realistic outlay for Research Institute and Universities. These metal nanopaticles have also received extensive concentration and have a extensive range of applications. The most widely used nanopaticulate zero-valent metals include Silver, Iron and Gold. Nanosilver has been incorporated into the greatest number of consumer product applications due to its excellent antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Nanoscale iron is most widely used in environment remediation of waters, sediments, and soil. Nanogold has been used in medical applications as vectors in tumor therapy.

Nickel nanoparticles are used as magnetic recording medium, electrical conductive pastes, battery materials, etc. Titanium oxide and zinc oxide are widely used for their photo-catalytic properties in industrial applications such as solar cells, paints and coatings. They are also finding wide applications in sunscreens and cosmetics due to excellent UV-blocking capability and visible transparency at nanoscale. Magnetic nanoparticles (with inorganic shells) – have been studied for biological application such as for binding BSA, for drug delivery, for bio‐sensing, and for bio‐separations. Metal nanoparticles (mostly supported) on the electrode can decrease the over-potentials of many electrochemical reactions and turn into reversible some redox reactions that are normally irreversible in conventional unmodified electrodes. Planar arrays of uniform metal nanoparticles would allow the design of new ˝supercomputers˝ having a superior data storage capacity. For More Details Please Click Here Graphene Manufacturers and Multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)

Nanotechnology Company in India for Given Best Services at Good Price

Nanotechnology Company in India is an advanced technology which deals with the synthesis of nanoparticles, processing of nanomaterials and their applications. The word "nano" is derived from Greek word "nanos" which means dwarf. It is the application of scientific knowledge to control and utilize matter at the nanoscale (nanoscale is the size range from 1 nm to 100 nm), where size-related properties and phenomena can emerge. Nanomaterials refers to any material with at least one dimension in the range of 1 nm to 100 nm (1 nm = 10-9 m).

Particles in the nanosized range have been present on earth for millions of years. The properties of a material are totally different at nanoscale than that of bulk due to their high surface area to volume ratio and quantum/spatial confinement. Nanomaterials often show novel properties as compared to their bulk counterpart such as enhanced magnetic, catalytic, optical electrical and mechanical properties. For example, copper becomes transparent and inert elements like gold, platinum become excellent chemical catalysts at nanoscale. Because of such novel properties of nanomaterials have rendered their increasing application in a broad range of areas, from industry products such as tires, catalysts, electronic component, window sprays, paints, and coatings to commercial products such as sporting goods and personal care products and medical applications such as antimicrobial agents, antibacterial agents, clinical diagnosis, imaging, and drug delivery. For More Details Please Click Here Graphene Price in India

Thin Film or Crystalline Solar Panels in India?

A thin film is a layer of material ranging from fraction of nanometers to several micrometers in thickness. The main difference between thin films and bulk is that thin films have large surface to volume ratio and thus many film properties are dominated by the surface properties of it. So the properties of thin films are most important. There is a drastic change in the magnetic, electrical mechanical and optical properties when one goes from bulk to thin films. For example, in case of optical properties of thin films there is a difference in refractive index. A bulk material that appears opaque may be fully transparent as a thin layer. Going from a bulk to a film may change some electrical properties like carrier concentration, mobility etc. Thin films are required in fields of Microelectronics (CPU processors, cell phones, iPod, watches), Solar Panels, Fuel Cells, AR (anti-reflective coatings) on cars, jewellery, mirrors, night vision goggles, Corrosion/oxidation resistance on cutting tools, chemical factories etc.

Thin Film Magnetism:
Thin film magnetism is an important field of the research in magnetism because the two dimensional nano-structures give the peculiar magnetic properties. The two dimensional nanostructures have immense possibilities to tailor their properties in order to achieve desired functionality film thickness, interface roughness, surface energies, stresses in films etc. As for application point of view, it is important to note that the properties of magnetic thin films can in part be controlled by appropriately choosing materials, growth conditions of substrate, thickness and pattern of multilayer. The magnetic properties of thin films are of high importance in magnetic data storage (hard disks as well as magnetic random-access memory) devices. In the data storage industry, the magnetic anisotropy. Magnetism has always been important for information storage, and magnetic recording is by far the largest economical application of magnetism. In multi-layers the individual layer thickness is of the order of a few nanometers. That means properties of thin film originates when mainly the surface-to-volume ratio increases and the material properties are increasingly dominated by surface and interface effects.

Magnetic Anisotropy:
The theory of ferro- and ferri-magnetism is based on electronic exchange forces. These forces are so strong that these material are spontaneously magnetized, even in the absence of an applied field. When the theory of ferromagnetism was first advanced, that ferromagnets are subdivided into many small sub-volumes, called domains. Each domain is spontaneously magnetized to saturation, but the direction of magnetization varies from domain to domain. The net vector sum of all the domains therefore produce a total magnetization of near zero. The dependence of magnetic properties on a preferred direction is called magnetic anisotropy (the influence of the crystal structure and the shape of grains on the direction of magnetization). There are several different types of anisotropy: Magnetocrystalline- Crystal Structure, Shape- Grain Shape and Stress- Applied or Residual Stresses. Magnetic anisotropy strongly affects the shape of hysteresis loops and controls the coercivity and remanence. Magnetic anisotropies play an important role in ultrathin ferromagnetic films and multilayers. Many properties of ferromagnets are directly or indirectly determined by the anisotropy, e.g., the magnetization orientation of domains, domain structure, coercivity, and the magnetization reversal process. Hence, the understanding of magnetic anisotropy and its correlation with film properties such as structure and morphology are very important for the interpretation of the magnetic behaviour of thin film structures. To more details click here Graphene Manufacturers